The policy choices to watch.

1. End diplomatic and security ties
2. Diplomatic isolation and broad sanctions
3. Maintain ties; suspend military cooperation
4. Maintain ties; restrict most arms transfers
5. Conditional cooperation and civilian safeguards
6. Continue cooperation with targeted restrictions
7. Maintain most existing security cooperation
8. Expand security cooperation with conditions
9. Expand cooperation with few conditions
10. Unconditional diplomatic and security backing

Measures policy toward the Israeli government, not attitudes toward Jewish people or Israeli civilians. Diplomatic recognition alone does not establish an arms-policy score.

1. Reject Palestinian statehood in principle
2. Oppose recognition and statehood initiatives
3. Defer recognition indefinitely
4. Recognition only after a final peace agreement
5. Support negotiated statehood with substantial preconditions
6. Support negotiated Palestinian statehood in principle
7. Support recognition with specified prerequisites
8. Support recognition and diplomatic relations now
9. Actively pursue recognition and full UN membership
10. Make recognition and full sovereignty a central diplomatic priority

Separate from the Israel scale. Support for statehood does not imply support for Hamas or attacks on civilians.

1. Prohibit most private firearm ownership
2. Allow narrow sporting exceptions only
3. Strict licensing and broad weapon restrictions
4. Licensing, checks and targeted weapon bans
5. Regulated ownership with purchase checks
6. Broader ownership with targeted restrictions
7. Ease licensing and expand lawful carry
8. Permitless carry with limited exclusions
9. Repeal most purchase and carry restrictions
10. Remove nearly all civilian firearm restrictions

Rates legal access, not concern about public safety. National legal starting points differ.

1. Ban abortion without exceptions
2. Ban except imminent threat to life
3. Allow life, rape and incest exceptions
4. Allow broader health exceptions only
5. Allow early pregnancy access with substantial limits
6. Allow first-trimester access with medical safeguards
7. Allow access through an extended gestational period
8. Protect access through viability with later medical exceptions
9. Remove major procedural and funding barriers
10. No statutory gestational cutoff; clinical decision-making

A higher score means broader legal access, not a moral endorsement. Gestation, funding and procedure rules can pull in different directions.

1. Near-total closure of legal entry
2. Sharp cuts and offshore-only asylum
3. Large admission cuts and narrow asylum
4. Lower admissions and tighter eligibility
5. Maintain admissions with stricter screening
6. Maintain admissions and asylum pathways
7. Targeted expansion of lawful pathways
8. Broader admission and regularization routes
9. Large expansion with strong asylum access
10. Minimal admission limits and broad regularization

This axis covers admission and legal status; border enforcement is a separate dimension. No score is inferred from rhetoric alone.

1. Remove most forest-clearing limits
2. Weaken enforcement and open protected areas
3. Large licensing and penalty reductions
4. Modestly relax forest enforcement
5. Maintain current forest enforcement
6. Targeted enforcement increases
7. Restore agencies and raise enforcement
8. Binding deforestation reduction with stronger enforcement
9. Target zero illegal deforestation and restore forests
10. Rapid halt to clearing with large-scale restoration

1. End collective territorial recognition
2. Open recognized lands broadly to outside use
3. Severely restrict new demarcations
4. Tighten demarcation eligibility
5. Maintain existing demarcation framework
6. Resolve selected pending land claims
7. Accelerate demarcations and enforcement
8. Expand territorial recognition and consultation
9. Strong consent requirements and territorial restoration
10. Broad territorial self-determination and restitution

1. End federal household cash transfers
2. Reduce transfers to emergency relief
3. Large eligibility and payment cuts
4. Modest cuts or tighter eligibility
5. Maintain current transfer coverage
6. Targeted payment or coverage increases
7. Expand benefits and child supplements
8. Broad coverage with inflation protection
9. Near-universal income floor
10. Universal substantial basic income

1. End public healthcare coverage
2. Restrict public care to emergencies
3. Large cuts to eligibility and benefits
4. Target public care to narrower groups
5. Maintain current public coverage
6. Expand selected public benefits
7. Substantial expansion of public eligibility
8. Universal basic public coverage
9. Universal comprehensive public coverage
10. Comprehensive public coverage with no patient charges

Coverage is distinct from public versus private delivery.

1. Nationalize most large private firms
2. Expand state ownership across sectors
3. Reverse major privatizations
4. Keep strategic firms; limited renationalization
5. Maintain current ownership mix
6. Sell selected nonstrategic assets
7. Broader sales with strategic exceptions
8. Privatize most commercial state firms
9. Sell strategic firms with narrow exceptions
10. Privatize nearly all state-owned enterprises

1. Remove fiscal limits; major spending expansion
2. Large deficit-financed public expansion
3. Loosen spending rules substantially
4. Modestly loosen spending rules
5. Maintain current fiscal framework
6. Targeted savings within existing services
7. Binding debt reduction with selected spending cuts
8. Major spending cuts and administrative reduction
9. Deep structural cuts across public programs
10. Minimal public spending with near-balanced budgets

Higher indicates restraint, not evidence of better economic outcomes.

1. Flat or regressive taxes; no redistribution
2. Large cuts for highest incomes
3. Lower top rates and capital taxes
4. Modest cuts to top tax rates
5. Maintain current tax distribution
6. Modestly raise high-income taxes
7. Raise top rates and capital taxes
8. Add substantial wealth or inheritance taxes
9. Broad wealth taxes and large redistribution
10. Very high top taxes and extensive redistribution

1. Remove most statutory labor protections
2. Severely restrict collective bargaining
3. Reduce dismissal and bargaining protections
4. Modest labor-market deregulation
5. Retain existing worker protections
6. Targeted wage and workplace safeguards
7. Strengthen unions and collective bargaining
8. Broad protections including platform workers
9. Sector-wide bargaining and strong job security
10. Comprehensive worker control and bargaining rights

1. Replace most imprisonment with alternatives
2. Large reductions in custody and penalties
3. Reduce penalties for nonviolent offenses
4. Expand alternatives and rehabilitation
5. Maintain current criminal penalties
6. Targeted increases for violent crime
7. Longer gang-crime sentences and more prisons
8. Broad sentence increases and fewer releases
9. Expand adult prosecution of younger teenagers
10. Maximum incarceration with minimal release pathways

1. Increase penalties for personal possession
2. Strict criminal prosecution of possession
3. Retain criminal possession with few alternatives
4. Retain prohibition; expand treatment diversion
5. Decriminalize small personal cannabis possession
6. Decriminalize personal possession of all drugs
7. Legalize medical and limited adult cannabis
8. Regulated national adult cannabis market
9. Legalize additional drugs under strict regulation
10. Broad regulated legal access to currently illicit drugs

1. Rapidly end extraction and new exploration
2. Binding phaseout; no new fields
3. Stop new exploration; manage existing production
4. Restrict expansion in sensitive areas
5. Maintain current extraction plans
6. Approve selected new fields
7. Expand offshore exploration with safeguards
8. Large expansion of oil and gas production
9. Open new frontiers and permit fracking
10. Maximize extraction with minimal permit barriers

1. Fully public provision; end concessions
2. Bring most private concessions into public ownership
3. Reduce role of private providers
4. Public-led expansion with limited contracts
5. Maintain current public-private mix
6. Targeted new private concessions
7. Expand concessions with public oversight
8. Accelerate concessions and private partnerships
9. Private operation as the default model
10. Privatize nearly all water and sanitation provision

1. End most public education provision
2. Large public-school funding cuts
3. Reduce coverage and higher-education funding
4. Modest funding cuts or freezes
5. Maintain current public education provision
6. Targeted expansion of school access
7. Expand technical schools and early education
8. Major expansion of full-time and higher education
9. Universal high-quality public provision at all levels
10. Universal public education with comprehensive student support

1. Sell most public housing; end new provision
2. Large reductions in social housing
3. Cut construction and eligibility
4. Reduce public construction modestly
5. Maintain current social-housing programs
6. Expand selected housing schemes
7. Increase construction and housing subsidies
8. Major social-housing construction program
9. Universal access to subsidized housing pathways
10. Universal publicly guaranteed housing provision

1. Expand Supreme Court jurisdiction substantially
2. Expand judicial review of public policy
3. Modestly expand judicial powers
4. Preserve broad existing judicial powers
5. Maintain current STF jurisdiction
6. Targeted limits on individual-justice orders
7. Restrict selected procedural powers
8. End STF criminal jurisdiction over lawmakers
9. Broad constitutional reduction of court powers
10. Remove most court oversight of elected branches

A score measures institutional proposals, not support for democracy or an allegation of corruption.